猪饲料中能量利用和能量评价体系的研究进展

Research progress on energy utilization and energy evaluation system in pig feed

养猪需要能量用于维持和生产,饲料应根据其能量需求提供准确的可用能量。考虑到总能在消化和代谢过程中的损失,猪饲料中可用能量被定义为消化能、代谢能或净能。在这些能量值中,净能系统被认为提供了最接近动物可利用能量的含量和日粮能量值,因为其考虑了饲料消化利用和代谢的热量增量。但日粮净能值和部分营养素是动态变化的,因此,没有一个净能系统能准确预测饲料中真正可用的能量。饲料消化能或代谢能值对预测净能值很重要,但取决于猪的生长阶段。由于营养物质消化能力的不同,尤其是纤维消化能力,净能值还受环境和猪不同生长阶段营养利用率的影响。因此,在推进饲料能量评价时应考虑动物、环境和饲料特性之间的相互作用。本文综述了猪饲料中不同能量利用和能量评价体系的应用结果。

Raising pigs requires energy for maintenance and production,and feed should provide accurate availability of energy according to its energy requirements.The available energy in pig feed is defined as digestive energy,metabolic energy,or net energy,taking into account the energy lost in digestion and metabolism.Of these energy values,the net energy system is considered to provide the closest approximation to the amount of energy available to the animal and to the energy value of the diet,as it takes into account the digestible utilization of the feed and the heat increment of metabolism.However,the net energy value of the diet and some nutrients change dynamically,so no net energy system can accurately predict the true available energy in the feed.The digestible or metabolic energy value of the feed is important to predict the net energy value,but depends on the growth stage of the pig.The net energy value is also influenced by the environment and the nutrient availability of pigs at different stages of growth due to differences in the digestibility of nutrients,particularly fibre.Therefore,the interaction among animals,environment and feed characteristics should be considered when promoting feed energy evaluation.This paper reviews the application results of different energy utilization and energy evaluation systems in pig feed.