四种野生蔬菜营养成分分析

Analysis of Nutritional Components in Four Wild Vegetables

本文选取人们经常食用的四种野生蔬菜(车前草、积雪草、乌点规、芭蕉花),分析了其中的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪、维生素C等营养成分,并与小白菜、生菜和油菜三种常见栽培蔬菜进行比较,评价其营养价值。结果表明:四种野生蔬菜水分含量低于三种栽培蔬菜;粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量明显高于三种栽培蔬菜,其中,车前草、积雪草、芭蕉花三种蛋白含量均超过10%,芭蕉花中的粗脂肪含量最高;乌点规的维生素C含量最高达到36.29 mg/100 g鲜重,高于三种栽培蔬菜;总氨基酸含量顺序为:车前草>积雪草>芭蕉花>乌点规,车前草中含有丰富的必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸;芭蕉花中含有较高的赖氨酸。可见,四种野生蔬菜的营养丰富,有较高的食用价值,具有广阔的开发前景。

This paper analyzed the nutritional components including crude protein,amino acid,crude fat and vitamin C from four selected wild vegetables(Plantago major L.,Centella asiatica L.Urban,Solallum nigium L.,Musa basjoo Siebold)which were often eaten by people.The nutritional value of four wild vegetables was evaluated by comparing with three common cultivated vegetables(Brassica chinensis L.,Lactuca sativa L.and Brassica napus L.).The results showed that water content of four wild vegetables was lower than that of three cultivated vegetables.The contents of crude protein and crude fat were significantly higher than those of three cultivated vegetables.Among them,protein content in Plantago major,Centella asiatica and Musa basjoo flower was over 10%,and the content of crude fat from Musa basjoo Siebold was the highest in four wild vegetables.Vitamin C content in Solallum nigium was 36.29 mg/100 g fresh weight,which was higher than those of three cultivated vegetables.The highest amino acid content was found in Plantago major in four wild vegetables,followed by Centella asiatica,Musa basjoo flower and Solallum nigium.Plantago major was rich in essential amino acids,branched chain amino acids and fresh amino acids,and Musa basjoo flower was high in lysine.It is concluded that four wild vegetables are rich in nutrients with high edible value and broad development prospects.