在混乱中停摆:简析日本2020年度高考改革

Suspending in "Chaos" :An Interpretation of 2020 Japanese University Entrance Examination Reform

日本文部科学省计划于2020年度对现行高考制度进行改革,以"大学入学共通考试"取代现行的"大学入学中心考试",主要措施有两项:一是在高考中引入民间英语考试;二是在部分科目中加入主观叙述等题型。该措施引发了广泛质疑与批评,文部科学省最终宣布两项措施皆暂缓实行,改革至此停摆。其问题在于改革目的与手段本末倒置、公平性与科学性受到损害、指导思想与具体措施错位。由此,在政府着力完善规则确保公平公正、在改革中体现科学高效并提升选拔水平、加强统筹谋划并积极稳妥推进等方面或许可为我们带来启发。

The MEXT planned to conduct a reform of the current university entrance examination system to replace the current "University Entrance Examination" with the "New Standardized University Entrance Examination" from 2020. There are two main measures:one is to introduce private English tests into the university entrance examination;the other is to add subjective narration and other question types to tests of some subjects. The measures had triggered widespread doubts and criticisms,forcing the MEXT to finally announce the postponement of the two measures and the suspension of the reform. The authors claim that the failure of the reform can be attributed to the reversal of the purpose and means of the reform,the destruction of fairness and impartiality in education,and the dislocation of the guiding ideology and measures. This article provides us with insights in the following aspects:the government should strive to improve rules to ensure fairness and justice,be scientific and efficient in taking any reform and to guarantee the quality of selection,and strengthen overall planning to actively and steadily advance further actions.