食品中植物生长调节剂残留限量标准比较与分析

Comparison and analysis on the maximum residue limits for plant growth regulators in foodstuffs

食品中植物生长调节剂的使用和限量标准一直广受公众和各方关注。文章总结了《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2 763—2019)中针对植物生长调节剂的相关规定及其变化,就现有最大残留限量(MRL)要求与国内农药产品的登记和应用现状进行了匹配性分析,并与主要的相关国际标准[国际食品法典委员会(CAC)、美国、日本和欧盟等]进行了比较分析。发现:1)中国现行标准覆盖了41.7%已登记的植物生长调节剂品种,品种数量远超CAC;2)现有的植物生长调节剂MRL标准基本涵盖了所登记的主要作物,但涉及的食品种类及分类不如欧盟和日本的标准丰富和细致,特别是有关特色小宗作物和动物源性食品的标准尚待提升;3)中国现行标准体系与国际标准的一致程度尚不够,技术性贸易措施的作用也不够强。据此,作者提出了完善中国植物生长调节剂MRL标准体系的相关建议,如推动MRL标准制定与农药登记同步,加快与国际标准体系的衔接等。

The usage and maximum residue limits(MRLs) for plant growth regulators(PGRs) in foodstuffs are social issues widely concerned by the public and various stakeholders. This paper overviews the latest updates on PGRs in the Chinese national food safety standard, MRLs for pesticides in foods(GB 2763—2019), and conducted a matching analysis with domestic PGR registration and application. Furthermore, the PGR MRLs among China, Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC), USA,Japan and EU were compared. The main findings and suggestions were given in this review. Firstly, the domestic standard covers almost half(41.7%) registered PGR active ingredients, which surpasses CAC.Secondly, the domestic standard basically contains staple crops, but the product categories and their classification stipulated in the standard are not as rich and detailed as those in EU and Japan. Especially for minor crops and foodstuffs of animal origin. The standard system for PGRs still needs to be further improved. Thirdly, the domestic standard is not aligned to international standards in some extent, and may have less influence on international trade. Finally, suggestions were put forward to improve the MRL standard system of PGRs, such as synchronising the MRL standard with the pesticide registration,and acting on the international convention.