“西医”作为学科概念的历史变迁和重塑

Historical change and remodel of western medicine as a discipline concept

“西医”是一个中国视角的医学概念,也是一个随着中国和西方医学史演进与医学实践发展而不断变化、深化和丰富的概念。狭义的“西医”概念指近现代以来的西洋医学/欧美医学/西方国家的医学,这是鸦片战争前后特殊历史镜像下对“西医学”的特定称谓和截断剪裁,有其合理性,也发挥了重要的历史作用,但是它并不能很好地说明中国和西方国家各自不同的所谓过去的“西医学”,也不能概括中国和西方国家将来日趋相同的所谓未来的“西医学”,故有必要从中西历史和“西医”整个学科史的角度,对“西医”概念的内涵及其实质进行全景式地重新梳理,这对全面认知“西医学”这一当今世界的主流医学,并促进其更好的发展具有一定的意义。

“Western medicine”is a medical concept from a Chinese perspective and a concept that is constantly changed,deepened,and enriched with the evolution of medical history and the development of medical practice in China and western countries.The concept of“western medicine”in a narrow sense refers to overseas medicine/European medicine/western medicine in modern times.This is a specific term for“western medicine”going through truncation and tailoring under the special historical mirror image before and after the Opium War.It has played an important historical role,but does not well explain the so-called“western medicine”of the past,which is different between China and western countries,nor can it summarize the so-called future“western medicine”,which will become increasingly similar between China and western countries in the future.So it is necessary to re-examine the connotation and essence of the concept of“western medicine”in a panoramic manner from the perspectives of Chinese and western history and the entire history of“western medicine”.This is a comprehensive understanding of“western medicine”,the mainstream medicine in the world today,which is of significance for promoting its better development.