我国创业政策变迁的文本考察: 历程、逻辑与基本经验

A Textual Study on the Changes of Chinese Entrepreneurial Policies:Course,Logic and Basic Experience

自新中国成立以来,我国政府创业政策经历了一系列演进与变迁。基于内容分析法和政策话语分析法,运用Nvivo12Plus质性分析软件对1949年后国务院《政府工作报告》中的创业政策话语进行计量和分析发现,我国政府的创业政策先后经历了以政治动员为主要形式的创业孕育期、以促进就业为核心目标的创业发展期、以创新发展为价值取向的创业新时代。而政府职能的转变、经济体制的转型和社会秩序的重构是其背后的变迁逻辑。这为做好新时代创业工作提供了如下基本经验:要遵从政治逻辑,增进创业政策服务性;要遵从经济逻辑,增进创业市场灵活性;要遵从社会逻辑,增进创业活动开放性。

Since the founding of new China,China’s Government entrepreneurship policy has experienced a series of evolution and changes.Based on content analysis and policy discourse analysis,Nvivo12 Plus is used measures and analyzes the entrepreneurial policy discourse in the“government work report”of the State Council after 1949.It is found that the entrepreneurial policy of our government has experienced the incubation period of entrepreneurship in the form of political mobilization,the entrepreneurial development period with the core goal of promoting employment,and the new era of entrepreneurship with innovation and development as the value orientation.The transformation of government functions,the transformation of economic system and the reconstruction of social order are the change logic behind it.This provides the following basic experience for entrepreneurship work in the new era:to follow the political logic and enhance the service of entrepreneurship policy;to follow the economic logic to enhance the flexibility of the entrepreneurial market;to comply with the social logic to enhance the openness of entrepreneurial activities.