光遗传学在治疗神经内科疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Optogenetics in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

神经内科疾病为临床常见疾病。其发病机制复杂,若不及时干预治疗,易导致所患疾病恶化,并伴随多种并发症,严重危害患者的身心健康。因此,深入了解大脑中枢神经细胞的调控机制成为神经科学领域的主要任务。近几年,随着光遗传学的建立与飞速发展,这项能够进入神经元并且精确控制细胞的技术为研究者在细胞水平上进一步探索神经内科疾病的发病机制,以及治疗此类疾病的方法提供了帮助。从光遗传学的发展历史、光敏感蛋白的发现以及光遗传学在部分常见神经系统疾病中的研究进展三个方面对光遗传学进行阐述,为研究者在探索临床上治疗神经内科疾病提出了新方法,进一步促进了人类对大脑各神经元作用的了解。

Neurology disease is a common clinical disease,its pathogenesis is complex,if without timely intervention,it is readily to lead to the deterioration of the disease,and accompanied by a variety of complications,which seriously endanger the physical and mental health of patients.Therefore,the main task in the field of neuroscience is to thoroughly understand the regulation mechanism of brain central nerve cells.In recent years,with the establishment and rapid development of optogenetics,this technology that can enter neurons and precisely control cells provides help for researchers to further explore the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and the treatment of such diseases at the cellular level.From the development history of optogenetics,the discovery of light sensitive protein and the research progress of optogenetics in some common nervous system diseases,this paper expounds the optogenetics,which provides a new method for researchers to explore the clinical treatment of neurological diseases,and further promotes the human understanding of the role of neurons in the brain.