农村儿童认知能力与非认知能力发展关系研究

The Development of Rural Children's Cognitive And Non-cognitive Abilities:A Relational Study

认知能力和非认知能力是人力资本的重要组成部分,理解农村儿童这两种能力发展的关系尤其重要。通过对我国农村地区学校的跟踪观察和田野实验,考察农村学龄儿童期初非认知能力和认知能力发展的因果关系,可发现:儿童期初的非认知能力(主要是外倾性和严谨性)对其认知能力发展影响显著,而且对较长时期认知能力的影响要比对短期认知能力的影响更大。其中,期初外倾性水平越高,儿童短期的认知能力越强;在较长时期,严谨性水平会显著促进儿童的认知能力发展。上述效应在儿童性别等不同特征群体中具有显著的组间差异。儿童期初的外倾性主要通过课外交互来提高短期的认知能力,严谨性主要通过成就动机来影响较长时期的认知能力。

Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are important components of human capital,so it is particularly important to understand the relationship between rural children's development of these two types of abilities.Through follow-up observations and field experiments in schools in rural areas of China,this paper investigates the causal relationship between non-cognitive abilities and cognitive abilities of rural school-age children.It has been found that children's non-cognitive abilities at the beginning of the study had a significant impact on their cognitive development,and the effect on their long-term cognitive abilities was larger than that in the short-term.Among them,the higher the level of extroversion was at the beginning,the stronger the children's short-term cognitive abilities were;in the longer term,the level of conscientiousness would significantly promote the development of children's cognitive abilities.The above effects have significant differences among different characteristic groups,such as children's gender.Children's early extroversion mainly improves short-term cognitive abilities through more extracurricular interaction,whereas conscientiousness mainly influences the longer-term cognitive abilities through achievement motivation.