我国高等教育发展水平省际差异研究——基于2018年教育统计数据的分析

Inter-Provincial Differences in the Development Level of China Higher Education:Analysis Based on 2018 Education Statistics

我国高等教育正处于从追求规模数量到崇尚公平而有质量的新发展阶段。在该阶段,高等教育发展所呈现出的省际差异依旧明显。基于此,秉持全面性、客观性、合理性以及数据可操作性的原则试图构建高等教育发展水平的衡量指标,对31个省(直辖市、自治区)的高等教育相关数据进行因子分析并展开综合评价。结果表明:东部的北京、江苏、广东“牵头发展”,中部的河南、湖北、湖南“奋起直追”,西部的青海、新疆、西藏发展“后劲不足”。由此提出相关对策:扩大高等教育规模与提升高等教育内涵式发展相统一;建立健全高校教师有序流动机制,稳定高素质教师队伍;实现高等教育财政投入相对均衡化,提升中西部地区“造血能力”。

China’s higher education is in a new stage of development from the pursuit of scale and quantity to the advocating for fairness and quality.At this stage,the inter-provincial differences in the development of higher education are still obvious.Based on this fact,this paper tries to construct the measurement index of the development level of higher education by adhering to the principles of comprehensiveness,objectivity,rationality and data operability,factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation.The data on higher education of 31 provinces(municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions)are collected.The results show that Beijing,Jiangsu and Guangdong in the east"lead the development";Henan,Hubei and Hunan in the middle"catch up";and Qinghai,Xinjiang and Tibet in the west"lack of staying power".The corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:expanding the scale of higher education and improving the connotative development of higher education;establishing and improving the mechanism of orderly flow of teachers in colleges and universities,and stabilizing the contingent of high-quality teachers;realizing the relative balance of financial investment in higher education and improving the"Hematopoietic Capacity"in central and western regions.