葛兰西的教育哲学思想探赜——基于《狱中札记》的文本考察

Research on Gramsci’s Thought of Philosophy of Education:Textual Research Based on Selections from Prison Notebooks

葛兰西在《狱中札记》中专门论述了其教育哲学思想。葛兰西批判了意大利教育体制中存在的不民主问题和学校教育与生活世界隔绝的问题。为解决这些弊端,他提出了树立劳动观念、教育以教学为基础和施行国家教育的三大教育原则,并在此基础上,他针对小学、中学和大学不同的学习阶段,分别规划了其教育内容。葛兰西的教育哲学思想是为获取文化领导权服务的,他将领导权的关系也看作是一种教育关系,从哲学与历史的关系的角度,扩大了传统意义上的师生关系的外延。建立在实践哲学基础上的葛兰西的教育哲学思想存在着一定的局限性,夸大了意识形态和知识分子两者的教育作用。

Gramsci specially discussed his thought of philosophy of education in Selections from Prison Notebooks.Gramsci criticized the undemocratic problems and the isolation of school education from the life world in the Italian education system.To solve these problems,three educational principles were put forward,which are to establish the concept of labor,to base education on teaching and to implement national education.On these bases,Gramsci planned the educational contents according to the different learning stages of primary school,middle school and university.Gramsci’s thought of philosophy of education served to obtain cultural leadership.Gramsci regarded leadership as an educational relationship.He expanded the extension of general teacher-student relationship from the perspective of philosophy and history.Gramsci’s thought of philosophy of education based on the practical philosophy has some limitations,which exaggerates the educational role of ideology and intellectuals.