钨含量对铜基摩擦材料性能的影响

Effect of Tungsten Content on the Properties of Copper-based Friction Materials

为了探究钨含量对制动用铜基摩擦材料性能的影响,采用热压烧结工艺制备了不同钨含量的铜基摩擦材料,对其物理性能、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试。研究表明,铜基摩擦材料的密度随着钨含量的增加而增大,而剪切强度和硬度先增大后减小。钨提高了材料磨损表面微凸体接触的结点强度,从而提高了材料的摩擦因数。适量的钨可以有效地减少磨损表面剥离,有助于在磨损表面形成连续完整的摩擦膜,从而稳定摩擦因数,减小磨损质量。当钨含量过高时,在高温摩擦过程中会产生严重的犁沟或微裂纹,导致摩擦因数剧烈波动和磨损质量增大。钨的质量分数为3%时,铜基摩擦材料在不同温度和压力下具有较为稳定的摩擦因数和较小的磨损质量。

In order to investigate the effect of tungsten content on the properties of copper-based friction materials,hot pressing sintering were used to prepare copper-based friction materials with different tungsten contents,and their physical,mechanical and wear properties were tested.The results show that the density of copper-based friction material is increased with the increase of tungsten content,but the shear strength and hardness are first increased and then decreased.Tungsten improves the contact strength of asperities on the worn surface,thus the friction coefficient of the material is increased.A reasonable amount of tungsten can effectively reduce the exfoliation of the worn surface,which helps to form a continuous and complete friction film on the worn surface,thus stabilizing the friction coefficient and reducing the wear rate.When the tungsten content is too high,serious furrows or micro-cracks will appear in the process of high temperature friction,resulting in a drastic fluctuation of friction coefficient and an increase of wear rate.When the mass fraction of tungsten is 3%,the copper-based friction material shows a stable friction factor and the lowest wear rate under different temperatures and pressures.