铁基氧电极催化剂研究进展

Research Progress of Iron-based Oxygen Electrode Catalyst

燃料电池是一种通过化学反应将燃料所具有的化学能直接转化为电能的装置,因具有系统结构简单、启动快速、寿命长、功率密度和能量密度高等优点而备受关注。但是,燃料电池的氧还原反应动力学过程缓慢,需要高效的催化剂以提高整个体系的运行效率。目前,性能最好、使用最广泛的燃料电池催化剂是铂基催化剂。但铂价格极其昂贵,无法支持大规模商业化应用,此外,铂催化剂易中毒和稳定性差等问题也无法完全解决。近年来的研究表明,铁基催化剂具有良好的氧还原反应催化性能,最有希望替代铂基催化剂。基于此,对近年来各类非贵金属铁基催化剂进行了综述,并在此基础上阐述了各类催化剂目前尚待解决的问题和发展方向。

Fuel cell is a device that can convert the chemical energy of the fuel directly into electric energy through chemical reaction.It has attracted much attention owing to the advantages including simple system structure,fast start-up,long life,high power density and energy density.However,the kinetic process of oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell is slow,and efficient catalysts are needed to improve the processing efficiency of whole system.At present,platinum-based catalysts are the most widely used fuel cell catalysts with the best performance.However,the price of platinum is extremely expensive,which cannot support large-scale commercial application.In addition,the problem of easily poisoning and poor stability of platinum catalysts cannot be completely solved.In recent years,studies have shown that iron-based catalysts have good catalytic performance with the most promising to replace platinum-based catalysts.Based on this,various kinds of non-noble metal iron-based catalysts in recent years are reviewed,and on this basis,the problems to be solved and the development direction of various catalysts are elaborated.