黄淮北片水地小麦育种现状及性状演变分析

Current Breeding Status and Character Evolution Analysis of Wheat in North Huanghe-Huaihe River Zone

以2012—2020年黄淮北片小麦冬水组区域试验报告为依据,对近年审定及参试小麦品种(系)的农艺性状、产量性状及其演变进行分析,以明确黄淮北片小麦育种现状及发展趋势。结果表明,29个审定品种的产量变幅较小,整体水平较高。所有338个参试品种(系)的产量变幅大,产量构成因素变幅表现为有效穗数>千粒重>穗粒数。从演变趋势看,产量在年际间波动较大,但整体呈上升趋势,有效穗数、千粒重呈增加趋势,穗粒数呈下降趋势。综合分析认为,中多穗品种更适合黄淮冬麦区北片的气候和生产条件,即每公顷有效穗数600万~750万、穗粒数35粒左右、千粒重45g左右、株高80cm左右的小麦品种更容易实现高产。

Based on the 2012-2020 regional test report of high-yielding wheat in the north Huanghe-Huaihe River Zone,the agronomic traits,yield traits and their evolution were analyzed to clarify the current status and development trend of wheat breeding in this area.The results showed that the yield variation of 29 certified varieties was smaller,but the overall level was higher.The yield of all the 338 tested varieties(lines)varied greatly.The variation range of yield components showed as the effective spikes per unit area>1000-grain weight>grain number per spike.From the perspective of evolution,yield varied larger between years,but showed increasing trend;the effective spikes per unit area and 1000-grain weight showed increasing trend,however,the grain number per spike showed decreasing trend.Through comprehensive analysis,the middle multiple-spike cultivars would be more suitable to the climate and production conditions in the north Huanghe-Huaihe River Zone,and it would be easier to achieve high yield when the wheat varieties had 6.0~7.5 million ears per hectare,about 35 grains per ear,45 g per 1000 grains and about 80 cm of plant height.