混播对黄淮海8个主推小麦品种产量、农艺性状和籽粒锌浓度的影响

Effects of Mixed Culture on Yield,Agronomic Characters and Grain Zinc Content of Eight Winter Wheat Cultivars Mainly Popularized in the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Region

选取黄淮海地区8个冬小麦主推品种(矮抗58、百农207、百农419、周麦27、开麦21、济麦22、济南17和鲁原502),连续两年在田间条件下研究单播和混播两种方式对冬小麦产量、产量构成和籽粒锌含量的影响。结果表明:单播条件下,开麦21单产最高,较其它品种增产6.90%~33.16%,处理间差异不显著;鲁原502、开麦21籽粒锌浓度较高,相比其它品种增加30.09%~75.41%、16.75%~39.42%。混播条件下,不同年份间单产变异较大,2017年六品种混播(济麦22、鲁原502、开麦21、百农207、矮抗58和周麦27)处理单产最高,相比于四品种(济麦22、鲁原502、开麦21和百农207)、八品种混播及单作加权理论产量增加2.99%~16.55%;2018年四品种、六品种与八品种混播处理小麦单产较单作加权理论产量降低14.78%~25.86%;2017年六品种、八品种小麦混播处理籽粒锌浓度较四品种混播、对照显著增加,达85.77%、64.15%和68.68%、53.40%。综之,小麦产量受年份间气候变化影响显著,不同品种小麦混播未显示出显著增产作用,六品种混播效果优于四品种、八品种混播。一般年份不同品种小麦混播能够显著提高群体小麦籽粒锌含量,六品种混播与八品种混播籽粒锌含量均显著高于品种单作,即适量品种混播有利于改善小麦籽粒营养品质,这为提升小麦籽粒锌品质提供了新的技术途径。

Taking eight main promoted winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars Aikang 58,Bainong 207,Bainong 419,Zhoumai 27,Kaimai 21,Jimai 22,Jinan 17 and Luyuan 502 in the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe area as test materials,a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of monoculture and mixed culture on yield and zinc content in grains.The results showed that under monoculture,Kaimai 21 had the highest yield per unit area and increased by 6.90%~33.16%compared with the other treatments,but there was no significant difference between them.Compared with the other varieties,the grain zinc content of Luyuan 502 and Kaimai 21 increased by 30.09%~75.41%and 16.75%~39.42%,respectively.Under mixed culture,the yield per unit area varied largely between different years.Compared with the weighted theoretical yield of 4-variety(Jimai 22,Luyuan 502,Kaimai 21 and Bainong 207)mixed culture,8-variety mixed culture and monoculture,the yield per unit area was the highest and increased by 2.99%~16.55%under 6-variety(Jimai 22,Luyuan 502,Kaimai 21,Bainong 207,Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 27)mixed culture in 2017.In 2018,the yield per unit area of 4-variety,6-variety and 8-variety mixed culture decreased by 14.78%~25.86%compared to the theoretical yield.In 2017,compared with CK and 4-variety mixed culture,the grain zinc content increased by 64.15%and 85.76%,53.40%and 68.68%under 6-variety mixed culture and 8-variety mixed culture,respectively.The wheat yield was significantly affected by the interannual meteorological changes.The mixed culture of different varieties had no significant effect on the yield increasing.The mixed culture effect of 6 varieties was better than that of 4 varieties and 8 varieties.Mixed culture could significantly improve the grain Zn content,and that of 6-variety and 8-variety mixed culture was significantly higher than that of mono culture.It indicated that mixed culture with appropriate variety numbers was beneficial to improving the nutritional quality of winter wheat,which provided a new technical approach to improve the zinc quality of wheat grains.