践行革命:华北土改运动中的阶级划分

Practicing Revolution:The Class Division during the Land Reform Movement in North China

阶级分析在中国共产党的革命理论和革命实践中具有不可替代的重要意义。政治意义上的阶级是同质、固化、二元对立的,强调冲突和斗争;社会意义上的阶级是异质、流动、多元互动的,强调关联和交融。近代中国的社会历史条件尚未达到“阶级对立简单化”的程度,中国共产党在领导新民主主义革命时便不得不在两种阶级图景之间艰难地寻找平衡。在解放战争时期的土地改革运动中,阶级划分的标准和程序时常与党的阶级政策相偏离,这不能简单视为政策执行中的错误或偏差,而是政策弹性和适应性的体现,从中可以发现革命实践的辩证逻辑。

The class analysis played an indispensable role in CPC’s revolutionary theory and practice. There were two different meanings of the"class"concept in Marxist theory. One is the class in the political sense,which is homogeneous,solidified,and binary,emphasizing conflict and struggle. The other,on the contrary,is the class in the social sense,which is heterogeneous,mobile,and multiple,interactive,emphasizing contact and syncretism. The CPC had to seek balance with difficulty between the two class frameworks during the period of new democratic revolution,since the economic and historical conditions of modern China have not yet reached the degree of "simplification of class antagonism". During the land reform movement in the War of Liberation,the practice of class division usually ran counter to the CPC’s class policy,which shouldnt be seen as deviation of policy implementation simply. Instead,it reflected the resilience of the CPC’s policy and the dialectic logic of revolutionary practice.