明清时期草原丝路沿线城市张家口的发展与职能演变研究

A Study of the Development and Functional Evolution of Zhangjiakou(张家口)along the Grasslands Silk Road in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期张家口以其独特的地理位置居于张库商道、草原丝路的交汇点。中俄和汉蒙间的贸易,以及张家口厅等行政职能的设置,促进了张家口城市地域扩张和城市职能的演变。张家口城市职能的演变,历经张家口堡、张家口上下堡和张家口城市三个阶段的不同发展,随着张家口城市职能的增加与主要职能的转化,张家口城市的实体地域以堡子为中心向北推进,一度扩大到大境门以外的元宝山地区。张家口由堡子发展为张家口城市,是中外交流对交流沿线城市发展发挥积极作用的充分展示。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties,Zhangjiakou(张家口)was located at the intersection of Zhangku(张库)trade road and grassland silk road because of its unique geographical location.Trade between China and Russia,and between Han people and Mongolians,the establishment of administrative functions such as Zhangjiakou Department,were all the key factors to promote the Zhangjiakou's geographic expansion and the evolution of its city function,which went through three stages,namely the period of Zhangjiakou fortress,the period of Zhangjiakou upper and lower fortress,and the period of Zhangjiakou city.With the increase of city function and the transformation of these main functions,the territory of Zhangjiakou city extended northward with the fort as the center,and once extended its boundary to Yuanbaoshao(元宝山)district.The development of Zhangjiakou from fortress to city reflected fully the active role of the exchanges between China and foreign countries,which were beneficial to the development of cities along the exchange routes.