论《少年》中父子错位和“偶合家庭”现象的精神内因

On the Spiritual Internal Cause of the Dislocation of Father and Son’s Roles and “Random Family” in Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent

陀思妥耶夫斯基的《少年》既是一部描述父与子主题的长篇小说,也是一篇关于少年阿尔卡季精神成长的别样《忏悔录》,更是一个书写"宗教与人生"思想的重要文本。从精神伦理的角度来看,小说中父子角色的错位和"偶合家庭"的现象,其产生的内在根源在于缺乏最基本的精神认同,即共同的道德规范和对上帝的敬畏。而且,从成长小说的词源学角度分析和对"宗教与人生"的思想书写的考察可见,《少年》重在彰显俄国东正教精神在失去与复得之间追寻与探求的思想史意义。

Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent is not only a novel of the father-and-son theme and another distinctive Confession about the spiritual growing up of an adolescent called Arkady, but also a very important text about the ideological writing of "religion and life". From the perspective of ethics and religion, the dislocation of father and son’s roles and the phenomenon of "Random Family" in this novel are rooted in the lack of the most basic spiritual identity, that is, the common moral norms and the fear of God. As far as the etymological meaning of Bildungsroman and the intention of the ideological writing of "religion and life" are concerned, The Adolescent emphasizes the ideologically historic significance of the seeking and searching of Russian Orthodox ethics between its being lost and being acquired again.