陀思妥耶夫斯基与20世纪美国南方文学

Dostoevsky and the Literature of the American South in the 20^(th)Century

美国内战之后,在南方兴起的以福克纳、托马斯·沃尔夫、弗兰纳里·奥康纳和卡森·麦卡勒斯为代表的作家群体书写南方共同体、建构南方身份的过程中受到19世纪俄国作家陀思妥耶夫斯基的深刻影响。陀思妥耶夫斯基对不同于西欧文明之斯拉夫特性的强调使美国南方作家在取得南方文学话语权过程中产生了共鸣。同时,陀思妥耶夫斯基在宗教领域的洞察也与美国南方作家热衷于探讨形而上的维度相契合。而南方作家在艺术技巧层面的"怪诞"与陀氏审问人类灵魂时的"残酷"均曾受到一定程度的指责。他们共同表现了稳固社会秩序不断崩塌下人性的可塑性与复杂性。

A group of writers represented by Faulkner,Thomas Wolfe,Flannery O’Connor and Carson McCullers,emerging in the south after the American civil war,were deeply influenced by 19^(th)century Russian writer Dostoevsky during the process of their portraying southern community and constructing southern identity.Dostoevsky’s emphasis on the Slavic characteristic of Russia different from the civilization of western Europe struck a chord with American southern writers in the process of their achieving discursive power of southern literature.At the same time,Dostoevsky’s insight into the religious field also corresponds to American southern writers’enthusiasm for the metaphysical dimension.Besides,southern writers’grotesque in their artistic skills and the former’s"cruelty"when interrogating the human soul have been criticized to a certain extent,but both show the plasticity and complexity of human nature under the constant collapse of a stable social order.