“一场伟大的争论”:从康·列昂季耶夫论“普希金演说”谈起

“A Great Polemic”: Starting from Konstantin Leontiev’s Comments on “Pushkin Speech”

19世纪80年代,陀思妥耶夫斯基发表了著名的"普希金演说",得到了广泛的赞扬与支持,但作家、思想家、政论家康·列昂季耶夫却持有不同意见。列昂季耶夫严格运用东正教的宗教思想体系,对陀思妥耶夫斯基的宗教观进行了尖锐的驳斥,称陀思妥耶夫斯基对基督教的认识存在着功利、片面、主观等特点,信仰的是充满感伤色彩的"玫瑰色的基督教",讽刺他是"新式的基督教徒"。列昂季耶夫的观点虽有据可循,但显然失之偏颇,在当时的俄国思想界也引起了广泛的争议。诸多俄国思想家们围绕着这一问题进行了激烈而持续的讨论,成为了俄国19世纪末20世纪初"新宗教意识"的形成与宗教哲学的复兴过程中一个不可忽视的重要事件,甚至可以被称作是‘一场伟大的争论’。

In the 1880 s, Dostoevsky delivered the famous "Pushkin Speech", which was widely praised and supported, but the writer, thinker, and political commentator Konstantin Leontiev held different opinions. By strictly applying the principle of the religious ideology of the Orthodox Church, Leontiev sharply refuted Dostoevsky’s religious views, described Dostoevsky’s sentimental belief of Christianity with the expression of "Rosy Christianity" and satirized him as a "new Christian", claiming that his understanding of Christianity was utilitarian, one-sided, and subjective. Leontiev’s views are well-founded but obviously biased, resulting in widespread controversy in the Russian ideological circle at the time. Many Russian thinkers conducted intense and continuous discussions on this subject, which has become an important event that cannot be ignored in the formation of the "New Religious Consciousness" and the revival of religious philosophy in Russia at the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century. It can even be called "a great polemic".