面向智能合约链上升级的松耦合模型研究

Loose coupling model research for upgrading smart contracts already deployed on blockchain

针对已部署到区块链上的智能合约无法实现升级的问题,结合以太坊技术提出了一种松耦合的新型智能合约模型。该模型将传统的智能合约拆分为接口合约集、逻辑合约集、数据合约集三个子集。以此松耦合智能合约模型为基础,设计了一个客户实名转账获取代币的业务场景,通过部署代币合约、接口合约、逻辑合约和数据合约,实现了基本的实名转账功能。最后通过以太坊平台进行系统测试,分析了实名转账场景的功能性、可升级性及成本花销。结果表明基于该模型设计的智能合约,在实现基本功能的同时,能够允许在上链之后对其合约子集进行升级,且能有效降低升级成本,相比传统的链下升级方案,松耦合模型合约的升级成本降低了32.43%,部署成本仅增加了24.16%。

To solve the problem that smart contracts deployed on blockchain cannot be upgraded,this paper proposed a new loosely coupled smart contract model in combination with Ethereum technology.This model divided traditional smart contracts into three subsets,namely interface contract set,logical contract set and data contract set.Based on the proposed loosely-coupled smart contract model,it designed a transaction scenario in which the custom transfers token with real name,by deploying token contract,interface contract,logical contract and data contract on Ethereum,the basic transfer function based on real name was realized.Finally,through the system test on Ethereum platform,it analyzed the functionality,upgradability and cost of transfer scenario based on real name.The results show that the smart contracts designed based on the model can allow to upgrade its contract subsets after being deployed on the blockchain while realizing the basic functions,and can effectively reduce the upgrade cost.Compared with the traditional offline upgrade scheme,the upgrade cost of the loosely coupled model contracts is reduced by 32.43%,and the deployment cost is only increased by 24.16%.