具核梭杆菌与牙周炎关系的研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and periodontitis

牙周炎是由多种微生物引起的感染性疾病。具核梭杆菌在牙周炎中有高检出率,两者有强相关性。具核梭杆菌可借助多种黏附素共聚致病菌、黏附侵入上皮细胞,利用毒力因子和代谢产物等破坏牙周组织,并可诱导宿主产生免疫反应,促进牙周疾病甚至全身系统性疾病的发生发展。但目前临床上辅助牙周基础治疗的药物并不能针对具核梭杆菌等特定牙周致病菌,可能会导致菌群失调或耐药等问题。具核梭杆菌致病机制的研究为牙周炎的预防及治疗提供了新的思路,研发针对具核梭杆菌黏附素、毒力因子、代谢产物或切断各个致病通路的材料、药物、益生菌产品,抑制其在深牙周袋中的增殖和炎症反应,保持与其他口腔微生物及宿主的动态平衡,有利于牙周炎的控制。

Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by a variety of microorganisms.Fusobacterium nucleatum is closely related to periodontitis with a high detection rate.Fusobacterium nucleatum is able to coaggregate with other microorganisms and attach and invade epithelial cells with the help of adhesins.It can also promote the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases and even systemic diseases by destroying periodontal tissues with virulence factors and metabolites and inducing a host immune response.However,at present,drugs assisting periodontal nonsurgical treatment clinically cannot target specific periodontal pathogens,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,which may lead to problems such as dysbacteriosis or drug resistance.Therefore,studies on the pathogenic mechanism of Fusobacterium nucleatum provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.The idea is to develop materials,drugs,or probiotics that target adhesins,virulence factors,and metabolites or cut off each pathogenic pathway of Fusobacterium nucleatum to inhibit its proliferation and inflammatory responses in deep periodontal pockets and achieve a balance with other oral microorganisms,and the host is beneficial for the control of periodontitis.