亚洲大陆边缘沉积学研究进展(2011—2020)

Progress in Sedimentology Research of the Asian Continental Margin (2011-2020)

近十年来,我国在亚洲大陆边缘沉积学和古海洋学研究中取得了突破性进展。在空间上,对北起拉普捷夫海、南至孟加拉湾的广大海域进行了沉积物调查取样,开展了跨纬度"源-汇"过程研究,建立了陆架第四纪高分辨率地层层序,初步揭示了构造运动、海平面变化、亚洲季风、海冰、海流以及人类活动等因素在不同时空尺度上对亚洲大陆边缘"源-汇"过程的基本控制作用。在南海通过国际大洋钻探获取的沉积记录,发现了低纬区水、碳循环直接响应地球轨道变化的证据,提出了低纬过程也能驱动全球气候变化的新认识。通过现场观测,揭示了台风、风暴潮、热带风暴等对陆架沉积和动力过程的影响,阐述了内孤立波、中尺度涡、等深流和浊流等在南海沉积物输运中的作用。对末次冰期以来暖池、黑潮、北太平洋中层水等的演化及其对沉积作用的影响研究也取得了创新性的成果。未来亚洲大陆边缘沉积学的研究应加强现代沉积过程的长期连续观测,重视地质记录中环境演变信号的精确解译,深化数值模拟技术和海洋沉积大数据的挖掘与使用。

The Asian continental margin(AM), a unique composite continental margin in the world, is located at the convergent and collision bands among the Eurasian, Pacific and Indian-Australian plates. It involves Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea, eastern China seas(including Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea), South China Sea, Andaman Sea, Bay of Bengal and so on. During the past 10 years, great progresses in fields of sedimentology and paleoceanography of the AM had been made. A range of geological surveys were conducted from the Laptev Sea in north to the Bay of Bengal in south, and the research on sedment source to sink of the vast area was carried out. The Quaternary high-resolution stratigraphic sequence was established, and major controlling effects of tectonic movement, sea-level change, Asian monsoon, sea ice, ocean current and human activities on the source to sink in the AM were revealed on different spatial and temporal scales. In the South China Sea, sedimentary records obtained through the International Ocean Drilling Program(IODP) had provided evidences that the water and carbon cycling in low latitude regions can directly respond to changes of the Earth’s orbit and, subsequently, nurtured a new concept of low-latitude forcing climate change. Through the long-term monitoring and on-site observation, effects of typhoons, storm surges and tropical cyclone on the shelf sedimentation and dynamic processes were identified, and roles of internal solitary waves, mesoscale vortex, contour currents and turbidities in the sediment transport in the South China Sea were proposed. Innovative results had also been achieved in evolution of the Western Pacific Warm Pool, Kuroshio, North Pacific Intermediate Water and in their effects on the sedimentation in those regions. In the future, more attention should be paid on long-term continuous observation of the modern depositional process, research on identifying environmental signals in sedimentary records, numerical simulation technology, and mining and utilizing the big-data of marine sediment to advance the AM sedimentology.