《左传》所见族灭现象与春秋时期的社会观念

The Extermination of the Clan from Zuo’s Commentary and the Social Concept in Spring and Autumn Period

春秋时期的政治斗争往往以家族间的争权夺势为其主要表现形式,而消灭敌对势力的根本办法就是夷宗灭族。族灭现象反映在春秋时期的预言观中,表现了人们一方面相信灵异,一方面又尊德崇礼的思想观念。族灭现象所见春秋时期的“忠”观念既与当时的双重君主观有一定关联,也有忠诚于君上的观念因素,还有基于自身利益表现出的“忠”观念。族灭现象也反映出当时以血食为中心的保宗、保族、保祀之观念,体现出春秋时期宗族观念的一些特点。

In the Spring and Autumn Period,the main form of political struggle was the struggle for power among families.While the fundamental way to eliminate the hostile forces was to destroy the clan.The phenomenon of extermination of the clan reflected the prophecy of the Spring and Autumn Period,and showed the ideological concept that people believed in spirituality on the one hand and respected and worship on the other.The concept of"loyalty"in the Spring and Autumn Period is not only related to the dual monarchy at that time,but also to the conceptual factors of loyalty to the monarchy,as well as the concept of"loyalty"based on self-interest.The phenomenon of exterminations of the clan also reflects the concept of protecting clan and sacrifice,which were centered on blood food at that time,and reflected some characteristics of the concept of clan in the Spring and Autumn Period.