国际生物安全四级实验室建设和实验室安全管理现状

Construction and Development Status of International Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory and Suggestions to China

生物安全四级(Biosafety Level 4,BSL-4)实验室是目前世界上最高等级的生物安全实验室,在传染病预防和控制、生物恐怖威胁防范、极端微生物研究等方面发挥着重要的作用,是国家生物安全体系的核心基础设施。本文对国际重要BSL-4实验室建设以及主要国家实验室的安全管理等方面进行了阐述,发现美国、英国、加拿大等和我国均出台了部分与BSL-4实验室相关的安全管理和操作指南,但在全球50余个BSL-4实验室(不完全统计)的建设体量上,我国与其他主要国家相比仍旧存在较大差距,在公共卫生和疾病防控体系建设上方面发挥的作用尚不充分。基于对全球BSL-4实验室建设与发展现状的分析,本文提出未来我国可以根据其他国家在BSL-4实验室建设方面的成熟经验,在完善法律法规建设、管理与监督等方面加以借鉴,为我国BSL-4实验室生物安全建设及应用提供参考。

Biosafety Level 4(BSL-4) laboratory is currently the world’s highest-level biosafety laboratory, which plays an important role in infectious disease prevention and control, bioterrorism threat prevention, and extreme microorganism research, and it is the core infrastructure of the national biosafety system.In this paper, the construction of internationally important BSL-4 laboratories and the safety management of major national laboratories are described.It is found that the United States, the United kingdom, Canada, China and other countries have issued some safety management and operation guidelines related to BSL-4 laboratories.However, compared with other major countries, China still has a large gap in the construction volume of more than 50 BSL-4 laboratories(incomplete statistics) in the world, and its role in the construction of public health and disease prevention and control systems is not sufficient.Based on the analysis of the current situation of the construction and development of the global BSL-4 laboratory, this paper proposes that China can learn from the mature experience of other countries in the construction of BSL-4 laboratory in improving the construction of laws, regulation management and supervision, and provide references for the biosafety construction and application of BSL-4 laboratories in China.