植物油体合成及功能研究进展

Research Progress on Biological Synthesis and Biological Function in Plant Oil Body

油体是植物细胞存储脂质与能量的重要亚细胞器,具有独特的结构,由中性脂质的疏水核心及其外的一层磷脂单分子膜组成,磷脂膜上有特定的蛋白质修饰,这些膜蛋白按照合成部位及运输方式的不同可分为两大类(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类)。油体是在内质网上发生的,其形成与中性脂质的合成密切相关,涉及中性脂质与脂质晶状体的形成,油体的初始发生,油体的出芽、生长及成熟等多个生物过程。油体在植物脂质储存、信号转导、发育调控及胁迫应答等多种生命活动中都发挥着重要作用。本文综述了植物油体的结构、组成、生物合成的分子机制及在植物不同器官中所起生物学功能的最新研究进展,并讨论了植物油体研究中存在的不足及尚待解决的一些科学问题,以期为后续研究提供参考。

The oil bodies are important subcellular storage organelles at the centre of lipid and energy homeostasis in plant.They have a unique architecture consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, which is enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer that is decorated by a specific set of proteins.These proteins fall in two main classes based on their biosynthesis sites and transportation mode.Oil bodies emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum.Its formation is closely related to the synthesis of neutral lipids, whose assembly involves multiple steps such as neutral lipid synthesis and lens formation, oil body primarily biosynthesis, oil body budding, growth and maturation.The oil body plays important roles in lipid reserve, signal transduction, developmental regulation and stress response.In this review, we summarize recent research progress in the structure, composition, biological synthesis of the oil body as well as biological function of the oil body in different plant tissues.Deficiencies in the research and some scientific problems to be solved in the aspects of plant oil body are also discussed, which would provide a reference for future research of oil bodies.