草甘膦对微生物影响的研究进展

Research Progress of the Effects of Glyphosate on Microorganisms

草甘膦是世界上应用最广、生产量最大的农业除草剂。它在节省劳动成本、提高农业生产效率、推动转基因农作物的发展等方面发挥了重要作用。随着草甘膦在环境中的不断积累,在越来越多的生物体内发现其残留。草甘膦对植物和微生物的作用机制相似,以微生物为工具研究抗草甘膦转基因农作物是目前研究热点,但有关草甘膦对微生物的生长繁殖及菌群演变等方面的关注却较少。主要综述了草甘膦对微生物的作用机制、对土壤和土壤外有益微生物的影响以及能降解草甘膦的微生物等内容。这对进一步认识和安全应用草甘膦,减少环境污染有一定的指导意义。

Glyphosate is the most widely used and most produced agricultural herbicide in the world.It has played an important role in reducing labor costs,improving agricultural production efficiency,and promoting the development of genetically modified crops.With the continuous accumulation of glyphosate in the environment,their residues have been found in more and more organisms.The action mechanism of glyphosate on plants and microorganisms is similar.Using microorganisms as a tool to study glyphosate-resistant genetically modified crops is currently a hot research topic.However,little attention is paid to glyphosate’s direct effects on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms as well as the evolution of flora.This article mainly reviews the action mechanism of glyphosate on microorganisms,the effects on soil and beneficial microorganisms outside the soil,and microorganisms that can degrade glyphosate.This has certain guiding significance for further understanding and safe application of glyphosate as well as reducing environmental pollution.