高粱抗旱性鉴定方法及分子生物学研究进展

Advances in Studies on Identification Methods and Molecular Biology of Drought Resistance in Sorghum

高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]是世界上重要的粮食、饲料和能源作物,因其根系发达,吸水能力强,水分利用率高,具有较强的耐旱性,广泛种植于干旱半干旱地区,在农作物抗旱研究领域具有重要的研究价值。干旱是影响高粱生长发育的主要逆境因素,高粱不同品种间抗旱性存在较大差异,筛选抗旱性强的高粱品种,对推动高粱抗旱育种进程具有重要的理论和实践意义。介绍了高粱不同生长发育时期抗旱性的鉴定方法、鉴定指标和高粱抗旱种质资源的评价方法,从转录组分析、抗旱QTL 定位、抗旱基因挖掘3个方面综述了高粱分子遗传研究进展,并对高粱抗旱性研究的发展方向进行了展望,以期为今后深入探究高粱抗旱分子机制、加快高粱抗旱分子遗传育种提供参考。

Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]is an important food,feed and energy crop in the world.Because of its developed root system,strong water absorption ability,high water utilization rate and strong drought tolerance,it is widely planted in arid and semi-arid areas,which has important research value in the field of crop drought resistance research.Drought is the main stress factor affecting the growth and development of sorghum.The drought resistances among different varieties of sorghum vary largely.Screening sorghum varieties with strong drought resistance is of importantly theoretical and practical significance for promoting the process of drought resistance breeding of sorghum.Identification methods and identification indexes of sorghum resistances during different growth and development periods,as well as the evaluation methods of drought resistant germplasm resources of sorghum are introduced in this paper.The progress of molecular genetic research on sorghum is reviewed from three aspects:transcriptome analysis,drought resistance QTL localization and drought resistance gene mining,and the development direction of drought resistance of sorghum is prospected,aiming to provide reference for further exploring the molecular mechanism of drought resistance of sorghum and speeding up molecular genetic breeding of drought resistance of sorghum.