实践推理:从信念和愿望应该形成什么目标

Practical Reasoning:What Goals Ought to Be Formed Based on Beliefs and Desires

这篇文章探讨实践推理中目标推理的问题,试图发现一个理性主体从信念和愿望形成目标的基本逻辑标准。文中的分析以循序渐进的方式展开,从只包含信念和愿望的基础模型开始,到增加了数值和排序方式表示愿望偏好的混合拓展模型结束,都给出了相应的目标形成标准,并构造出了形式化的目标形成理论。最后,我们探讨了不同模型形成的目标之间的关系,并证明了混合拓展模型中目标的存在性等基本定理。

The paper studies the problem of inferred goals in practical reasoning and tries to uncover the basic standards of goal formation of a rational agent based on her beliefs and desires.We analyze the problem gradually from the simplest case,in which the basic models consisting of only beliefs and desires are considered,to the most complex case where the mixed extended models include additional quantitive and qualitative preferences among desires,and obtain the standards of goal formation for all cases,based on which we present a formal theory of goal formation.In the end,we prove two fundamental theorems of mixed extended models.