聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料的制备与性能研究

Preparation and properties of polyurethane-peat soil lightweight foaming material

为了制备一种适用于立体绿化的轻质整体栽培基质,基于一步法发泡合成聚氨酯泡沫工艺,采用绿色环保全水发泡方法,将聚氨酯泡沫与有机物质泥炭土复合形成一种聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料。以聚醚多元醇、聚丙二醇、异氰酸酯、硅油和具有一定含水率的泥炭土为原料进行混合发泡制备聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料,考察了泥炭土的用量、含水率,也探讨制备过程中搅拌时间对聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料回弹性能,表观形态,密度(体密度、视密度、湿密度),开孔率,吸水率的影响。结果表明:在泥炭土用量为60%、70%、80%时,聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料回弹性能保持相对稳定;当泥炭土用量为70%、搅拌时间为180 s、泥炭土含水率为80%是最佳配比,聚氨酯-泥炭土轻质发泡材料的主要性能较佳且优于其它绿化基质材料,体密度达到0.101 g·cm^(-3)、开孔率达66.87%、吸水率可达656%。借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行对比观察,泥炭土的加入未影响聚氨酯泡沫内部三维网状结构的形成,且改善了聚氨酯泡沫的孔隙结构并增强了其吸水性能,其内部结构均匀。

In order to prepare a type of lightweight foaming material well-suited for vertical greening,this study adopted a green and environmentally friendly full-water foaming approach based on the one-step foaming and synthesis of polyurethane foam technology to form a composite of polyurethane foam and organic peat soil.The polyurethane-peat soil lightweight foaming material was prepared from the following lightweight raw materials:polyether polyols,polypropylene glycol,isocyanate,silicone oil,and peat soil with a particular moisture content.The influence of the amount of peat soil,the moisture content of the peat soil,and the mixing time during the preparation process on the resilience performance,apparent shape,density(volume density,apparent density,and wet density),open porosity,and water absorption of the polyurethane-peat soil lightweight foaming material is discussed.The results showed that when the amount of peat soil was 60%,70%,and 80%,the resilience of the lightweight foam material remained relatively stable;when the amount of peat soil was fixed,the moisture content(60%,70%,and 80%)of the peat soil changed,and the performance data of the lightweight foam material could be obtained.When the amount of peat soil was 70%,the mixing time was 180 s and the moisture content of the peat soil was 80%.The main performance of the polyurethane-peat soil lightweight foaming material was better than that of other greening matrix materials,with a bulk density of 0.101 g·cm^(-3),an open porosity of 66.87%,and a water absorption rate of 656%.According to observations with a microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM),the addition of peat soil did not affect the three-dimensional interior of the polyurethane foam net structure;however,it improved the pore structure of the polyurethane foam and enhanced its water absorption performance,and its internal structure was good.