经方中生姜的运用规律探析

Analysis on Application Regularity of Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens)in Classical Prescriptions

依据《伤寒杂病论》原文,从主治证候、配伍应用两方面,考查123条原文、76首经方中生姜的运用规律。结果发现:①生姜可对症应用于呕吐,主要适用于内有水饮或津液代谢障碍伴有表证未解的呕吐;②生姜不与甘草、大枣配伍时,常与半夏、橘皮等行气消痰药同用,主治呕、哕等病证,提示生姜在二陈汤中具有重要的配伍意义;③经方加减时,生姜主要用于标实为主的“呕”“寒”“痛”证,作用特点是宣通气机;干姜主要用于本虚为主的“寒”“利”“咳”等,作用特点是温中补虚,二者在经方中的区别运用有助于对《神农本草经》“生者尤良”的理解。

According to the original text of Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases,the application regularity of Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens)in 123 original texts and 76 classical prescriptions was investigated from the main syndromes,compatibility and application.It was believed that:①Shengjiang is often used in the treatment of vomiting with fluid retention or body fluid metabolism disorder accompanied by exterior syndrome.②When Shengjiang is not compatible with Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus),it is often used with herbs for moving qi and resolving phlegm such as Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)and Jupi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)to treat diseases such as vomiting and retch.It is indicated that Shengjiang has an important compatible significance in Erchen Decoction(二陈汤).③When the classical prescription is added or subtracted,Shengjiang is mainly used for“vomiting”“cold”and“pain”syndrome with mainly excess manifestations and its function characteristic is to promote qi movement.Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)is mainly used for“cold”,“diarrhea”,“cough”and so on;its function is characterized by warming the middle and nourishing deficiency.The different use of Shengjiang and Ganjiang in the classical prescriptions is helpful to the understanding of“excellent unction of unprocessed herbs”in Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica.