皂荚植株开花特性观察及分析

Observation and Analysis on Flowering Characteristics of Zaojia(Gleditsia Plant)

目的:观察皂荚植株开花特性,探讨猪牙皂的发育与形成规律。方法:定点观测皂荚嫁接株、实生株花的性别、形态变化、花序特征参数及开放动态。结果:实生株花序有雄花序、两性花序及杂性花序,嫁接株只有两性花序;只有雄花序的雄株只传粉不结果,具有两性花序、杂性花序的两性株、杂性株均可结果,实生株多结大皂角,嫁接株多结猪牙皂;嫁接株两性花序最大,实生株雄花序最小,实生株两性花序大小介于嫁接株两性花序与实生株雄花序之间;实生株雄花序着花数量最多,嫁接株与实生株两性花序着花数量相近;嫁接株开花早、花期长,实生株开花较晚、花期较短。结论:不同性质皂荚植株开花特性有明显差异,花蕾期柱头外露花、以猪牙皂植株枝条嫁接的植株多结猪牙皂,猪牙皂的形成与花期错位、植株遗传变异等有关。

Objective:To observe the flowering characteristics of Gleditsia plants and discuss the development and formation mechanism of Zhuyazao(Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis). Methods:The flower sex,morphological changes,inflorescence characteristic parameters and opening dynamics of grafted plant and seed plant of Gleditsia sinensis were observed. Results:The inflorescence of the seed plant had male inflorescence,bisexual inflorescence and hermaphroditic inflorescence,while the grafted plant only had bisexual inflorescence. Male plant with only male inflorescence could only pollinate and could not bear fruits,while both bisexual plant and heterozygous plant with bisexual inflorescence and hermaphroditic inflorescence could bear fruits. The seed plant mostly produced Dazaojiao(Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus),and the grafted plant mostly produced Zhuyazao. The bisexual inflorescence of the grafted plant was the largest,and the male inflorescence of the seed plant was the smallest;the size of the bisexual inflorescence of the seed plant was between that of the grafted plant and the male inflorescence of the seed plant. The number of flowers in male inflorescence was the most in the seed plants,and the number of flowers in bisexual inflorescence was similar in the grafted plants and the seed plant. The grafted plant had earlier flowering time and longer flowering period,and the seed plant had later flowering time and shorter flowering period. Conclusions:There are obvious differences in flowering characteristics of Gleditsia plants with different properties. At the flower bud stage,the flower with stigma exposed and the plant grafted with the branches of the grafted plant will produce Zhuyazao. The formation of Zhuyazao is related to flowering dislocation and plant genetic variation.