基于个体特征的施工人员安全认知差异分析

Difference Analysis in Safety Cognition of Construction Builders Based on Individual Characteristics

为厘清不同个体特征的施工人员安全认知差异特性,基于认知心理学,界定施工人员安全认知内涵和安全法规、现场危险、安全设施、安全标识、安全氛围和管理制度认知6个维度,构建施工人员安全认知模型,通过问卷调查收集数据并采用非参数检验和分类对比法分析不同个体特征工人的安全认知差异。研究表明:11类个体特征中共有9种对施工人员安全认知存在显著差异,其中不同事故经历和安全培训次数的施工人员安全认知差异最为显著;不同性别和教育程度的工人安全认知差异无明显验证;不同工种、工龄、年龄、性格偏好、健康和婚姻状况、薪资待遇的施工人员在安全认知的部分维度存在显著差异。企业可通过创新安全培训模式、建立事故体验区等措施改善施工人员的安全认知水平。

In order to clarify the differences in safety cognition of construction workers with different individual characteristics,the connotation of safety cognition is defined and divided into six dimensions:safety regulations,site hazards,safety facilities,safety signs,safety atmosphere and management system cognition.Then safety cognitive model based on C-HIP is constructed;and we collect data through questionnaire survey and makes difference analysis of workers with different individual characteristics by using non-parametric test and classification comparison.The result shows that 9 of the 11 types of individual characteristics have significant differences in safety cognition,among which the differences in safety cognition among construction workers with different accident experiences and safety training times are the most significant.There are significant differences in some dimensions of safety cognition among construction workers with different types of work,length of service,age,personality preference,health and marital status and salary.No significant difference in safety cognition among workers with different genders and education levels.To improve the safety cognition level of construction personnel,construction enterprises can innovate safety training model and establish accident experience area,etc.