长寿鸟白鹤迁徙的气候养生内涵探析及启示

Exploration of Climatotherapy Connotation Based on Migration of Longevous Siberian Crane and Its Enlightenment

利用1959—2018年我国白鹤迁徙路线上17个气象站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,以及1961—2019年中国大陆547个气象站观测资料,分析白鹤栖息地和迁徙途中主要气象要素变化范围,并采用基于“黄金分割法”的人体舒适度指数计算方法和等级划分标准,对白鹤栖息地以及中国大陆547个站点的人体舒适度进行分析,探究白鹤迁徙过程中蕴含的气候养生内涵。结果表明:白鹤栖息地及迁徙沿途停歇地的气温在0~15℃之间,相对湿度60%~80%,平均风速2~3 m·s^(-1),气压1005~1018 hPa,总体上白鹤以追求气候凉爽湿润、风轻天高为目标,全年90.83%的时间生活在凉爽、凉、微冷的等级范围内,通过迁徙“祛暑避寒”得以长寿,这为老年人群的候鸟式旅居提供很好的借鉴。中国大陆人体舒适度存在明显的空间差异和季节互补的特征。夏季,我国东北、西北及西南部分地区气候较为舒适;冬季,华南沿海、海南等地区气候较舒适。这些地区主要城市的广义舒适域时段,可为老年人群候鸟式旅居提供参考。此外,在避暑或御寒的旅居过程中,适当的中途停歇能够缓冲环境的不适应,从而有效降低或规避短时间内因气象要素变化大而造成的旅游健康风险。

Based on the daily meteorological observation data at 17 weather stations of China and NCEP reanalysis data along the migration route of Siberian Crane during 1959-2018,the variation ranges of main meteorological elements in habitats and resting places of Siberian Crane were analyzed.Combined with the meteorological observation data at 547 weather stations in mainland of China from 1961 to 2019,the human body comfort degrees were respectively calculated and classified in habitats of Siberian Crane and mainland of China by using the human body comfort index and classification standard based on‘the Golden Section’,and the characteristics of inner climatotherapy life during the migration of Siberian Crane were probed.The results show that the temperature in habitats and stopover places of Siberian Crane was from 0℃to 15℃,and the relative humidity,average wind velocity and atmospheric pressure changed from 60%to 80%,2 to 3 m·s^(-1) and 1005 hPa to 1018 hPa,respectively.In general,Siberian Crane aimed to the cool,humid,breezy and clear meteorological environment,they spent 90.83%time of a year living in cool,cooler or slightly cold zones.By migrating seasonally,they stayed away from extreme cold or heat to ensure longevity,which could provide better reference for the migratory-bird sojourn of elder people in China.The human body comfort degrees in mainland of China had obvious spatial difference and seasonal complementary characteristics.The climate in Northeast China,Northwest China and part areas of Southwest China was comfortable in summer,while in coastal areas of South China and Hainan it was comfortable in winter.The periods of generalized comfort level in major cities of China could be used as a reference for the migratory-bird sojourn of the elderly.In addition,the suitable stopover could buffer the significant change of meteorological environment between the origin and destination and make the body gradually to adapt the change during the travelling to escape the heat or cold,which would effectively reduce or avoid the travelling health risks due to the wide change of meteorological environment in short period.