基于三生空间协调的传统村落保护与发展研究——以江西省余江区霞山村为例

A Study of the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages Based on Ecology-Production-Living Space Coordination:A Case Study of Xiashan Village,Yujiang District,Jiangxi Province

【目的】传统村落是中国持久农耕文明的产物,随着我国乡村振兴战略的不断推进,探究传统村落的保护和发展对土地资源的合理配置具有重要意义。【方法】以江西省省级传统村落——霞山村为例,按照国土空间开发适宜性评价的思路建立生态型重要性、生产型适宜性、生活型适宜性的单空间适宜性评价体系,借助GIS空间分析和二维矩阵空间划分的方法,在多空间评价的基础上遵循最适宜原则和生态-生产-生活优先递减原则,划定“三生空间”功能分区,通过优化土地资源配置,促进村落的保护与发展。【结果】(1)单空间适宜性分布的规律表明,生产、生活适宜性分布的空间相似性较强;生态重要性与生产、生活适宜性的空间异质性显著。(2)多空间评价结果表明,霞山村三生空间总体融合程度好,毗邻效果佳,以林地为主的生态空间面积为959.07 hm^(2),占土地总面积的54.54%,呈片状分布在村域周边地区;以耕地为主的生产空间面积为661.51 hm^(2),占土地总面积的37.62%,集中分布在村域中心地带;以农村宅基地为主的生活空间面积为137.78 hm^(2),占土地总面积的7.84%,呈零星状零散分布。(3)传统村落的保护与发展过程中,生态空间应注重加强生态脆弱和敏感区域的保护力度,生产空间应注重提高耕地的利用效率,生活空间应注重文化的继承和发扬。【结论】以土地利用现状为基础,基于三生空间适宜性与协调性划定三生空间的方法,较好地缓解了生态保育、耕地保护、建设用地扩张对土地资源需求的矛盾冲突,可为其他村域型传统村落的保护和发展提供一定参考依据。

[Objective]Traditional villages are the product of China’s lasting farming civilization.With the continuous advancement of rural revitalization strategy in China,exploring the protection and development of traditional villages is of great significance to the rational allocation of land resources.[Method]This paper takes Xiashan Village,a provincial-level traditional village in Jiangxi Province as an example,and establishes a single-space suitability evaluation system for ecological importance,production suitability,and life suitability according to the idea of suitability evaluation for land space development.With the help of GIS spatial analysis and two-dimensional matrix space division method,on the basis of multi-spatial evaluation,following the principle of optimality and the principle of ecology-production-life priority decreasing,the functional zone of“Ecology-Production-Living space”is delineated,and the land resource allocation is optimized,which promotes the protection and development of villages.[Result](1)The law of single-space suitability distribution shows that the distribution of suitability for production and life has strong spatial similarity;the spatial heterogeneity of ecological importance and suitability for production and life is significant.(2)Multi-spatial evaluation results show that the overall integration of the Ecology-Production-Living space in Xiashan Village is good,and the adjacent effect is good as well.The area of ecological space dominated by woodland is 959.07 hm^(2),accounting for 54.54%of the total land area,and it is distributed in the village area in patches.Surrounding areas:the area of production space dominated by arable land is 661.51 hm^(2),accounting for 37.62%of the total land area,concentrated in the village center;the area of living space dominated by rural homesteads is 137.78 hm^(2),accounting for the total land area 7.84%,which is scattered.(3)In the process of protection and development of traditional villages,ecological space should focus on strengthening the protection of ecologically fragile and sensitive areas,production space should focus on improving the utilization efficiency of cultivated land,and living space should focus on cultural inheritance and development.[Conclusion]Based on the status quo of land use,the method for delimiting the Ecology-Production-Living space based on the suitability and coordination of the Ecology-Production-Living space has alleviated the conflicts among ecological conservation,cultivated land protection,and expansion of construction land on the demand for land resources.This provides a certain reference basis for the protection and development of other traditional villages.