小麦全株青贮饲料饲喂育肥猪效果研究

Study on Effect of Whole Wheat Silage Feeding Finishing Pigs

为探讨小麦全株青贮饲料的饲喂方法,以汶鑫黑猪和三元(杜×长×大)杂交猪为研究对象,通过饲养对比试验,证明小麦全株青贮饲料在中国地方猪和进口三元猪上应用的可行性。选择体重相近的汶鑫黑猪120头,分别饲喂基础日粮和用14%的小麦全株青贮饲料替代基础日粮,测定平均日采食量和平均日增重;同时,选取体重相近(60±0.16 kg)的三元(杜×长×大)猪24头,随机分为2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验分2个阶段,育肥前期(60~90kg)和育肥后期(90kg至出栏)。对照组,连续2个阶段均饲喂基础日粮,参考NRC(1998)育肥猪营养需要供给;试验组,2个阶段分别用20%和40%小麦全株青贮饲料等量替换基础组日粮。测定生猪的生产性能、屠宰性能、器官重量和肉的品质。研究结果表明汶鑫黑猪对小麦全株青贮饲料的接受度较高,不影响采食量,试验组生猪的结束重比对照组增加5.8%;添加20%小麦全株青贮饲料饲喂育肥猪阶段,对照组平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著高于试验组(P<0.01),而试验组料重比极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);添加40%小麦全株青贮饲料饲喂育肥猪阶段,对照组平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比极显著高于试验组(P<0.01),屠宰性能、肉品质低于试验组。由此证明,利用小麦全株青贮饲料饲喂汶鑫黑猪,既可以保持其优良品质,又可以节约养殖成本;饲喂添加40%小麦全株青贮饲料组生猪的生产性能高于添加20%小麦全株青贮饲料试验组,日粮中添加小麦全株青贮饲料增加了育肥猪胃和小肠的容积,提高了胴体性能和猪肉品质。

In order to explore the whole wheat silage method,Wenxin black pig and Sanyuan(Ductile×Landrace×Yorkshire) hybrid pigs were taken as the research object,and the feasibility of using whole wheat silage in Chinese local pigs and imported Sanyuan pigs was proved through feeding comparative experiment.In this study,120 Wenxin black pigs with similar body weight were selected and fed the basal diet or the basal diet was replaced with 14% wheat whole plant.The average daily feed intake and average daily gain(ADG)were measured.At the same time,24 pigs(Duroc×Landrace× Yorkshire) with similar body weight of(60±0.16 kg) were randomly divideo into 2 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 4 pigs per replicate.The experiment was divided into two stages:early fattening(60~90 kg) and late fattening(90 kg to out).In the control group,pigs were fed basal diet for 2 consecutive stages,and nutrient requirements of finishing pigs were referred to NRC(1998).In the experimental group,20% and 40% whole silage wheat were used to replace the basal group with the same amount of silage wheat at two stages.Production performance,slaughter performance,organ weight and meat quality were determined.The results showed that Wenxin black pigs had higher acceptance of wheat silage and had no effect on feed intake.The end weight of experimental group was 5.8% higher than that of control group.The average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the control group were significantly higher than those in the test group(P<0.01),while the feed to gain ratio in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).The average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI) and feed/gain(F/G) in the control group were significantly higher than those in the test group(P<0.01),but slaughter performance and meat quality were worse than those in the test group.It is proved that using whole wheat silage to feed Wenxin black pig can not only keep its good quality,but also save the cost of breeding.The performance of the test group adding 40% whole plant silage wheat was higher than that of the test group adding 20% whole plant silage wheat.The addition of whole plant silage wheat in the diet increased the volume of stomach and small intestine,and improved the carcass performance and meat quality.