论《黄帝内经》“神”的三层次

On the Three Levels of "Spirit" in Huangdi Neijing

《黄帝内经》中"神"从产生顺序可分为三个层次:第一层次为精、神、魂、魄,是"父母之精"相搏后直接产生,与意识、感觉、反射等有关,为"神之灵";第二层次为意、志、思、虑、智,是精神魂魄在"心"的"任知万物"基础上,不断记忆、强化、忖度、思虑、谋划,不断认知事物及思维深化的过程,为"神之用";第三层次为情、欲、好、愿,是万物、社会、文化的认知上"心性之动"的产物,是情绪、情感、需求范畴,为"神之别用"。"神"系统活动是以"神"为基础演变形成,包含生命力、精神、意识、认知等多个内容。"神"系统活动三个层次的区分与归类对理解"神"与"形"具有重要意义。根据不同层次,采用不同的治疗与养生方案,对治疗身心疾病及养生有指导意义。

The "spirit" in Huangdi Neijing can be divided into three levels according to the order of production: The first level is Jing(精),Shen(神),Hun(魂),Po(魄),which is directly produced after the combination of "parents′ essence",and is related to consciousness, feeling, reflection and so on, and serving as "the consciousness of spirit";the second level is Yi(意),Zhi(志),Si(思),Lyu(虑),Zhi(智),which is the process of mental soul to keep remembering, strengthening, contemplation, thinking, planning, constantly recognizing things and deepening thinking on the basis of "knowing everything" of "heart",and serving as "the use of spirit";the third level is Qing(情),Yu(欲),Hao(好),Yuan(愿),which is the product of the cognitive "heart movement" of all things, society and culture, and is the category of emotion, feeling and demand, and is "the other use of spirit".The activity of "spirit" system is formed on the basis of "spirit",including vitality, spirit, consciousness, cognition and so on.The distinction and classification of the three levels of "spirit" system activities is of great significance to the understanding of "spirit" and "body".According to different levels, different treatment and regimen are adopted, which has guiding significance for the treatment of physical and mental diseases and regimen.