膏方源流考

Research on the Origin and Development of Plaster Prescription

中医丸、丹、膏、散、酒、汤、露、锭八种剂型里包含中药膏方。膏方既可治疗慢性消耗性疾病,又可滋补大病过后的虚弱病体,是兼顾治病与补虚双重作用的良剂。膏方最早的记载出自《山海经》;我国发现的最古老医方《五十二病方》中亦有膏剂三十余方;《黄帝内经》对膏方的制作和使用方法也有描述,有马膏、豕膏等记载;《金匮要略》记载了用大乌头煎煮熬制成膏体来治疗寒疝腹痛病,是将膏方作为内服用途的最早的记录;唐宋时期膏方不仅从制备和使用方法上有了新发展,也扩大了膏方临床适用范围,膏方在这一时期基本成形;明清时期膏方制剂工艺早已成熟,命名更加明确;近现代,在上海、江浙及广东等东南沿海地区,膏方使用广泛,尤以上海最为出名。现代膏方注重发挥脾胃的作用,重视膏方炮制与治疗作用,将膏方的发展推向了新高度。

Chinese medicine′s pill,Dan,ointment,powder,alcohol,decoction,dew and lozenge contain Chinese medicine plaster prescription.The plaster prescription can not only treat chronic consumptive diseases,but also nourish the weak body after serious diseases.It is a good medicine for both treating diseases and tonifying deficiency.The earliest record of plaster prescription comes from Shanhai Jing.There are also over thirty plaster prescriptions in the 52 Bingfang,which is the oldest medical prescription found in China.Huangdi Neijing also describes the method of making and using ointment,including horse paste,pig paste.It is recorded in Jinkui Yaolue that Aconitum carmichaeli was decocted and made into paste to treat cold hernia and abdominal pain,which is the earliest record that the paste was used for oral administration.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the preparation and use of the plaster prescriptions not only had a new development,but also expanded the scope of clinical application.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the technology of plaster prescriptions was already mature,and its name was more clear.In modern times,it is widely used in southeast coastal areas such as Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong,especially in Shanghai.Modern plaster prescriptions pay attention to play the role of spleen and stomach,pay attention to the processing and treatment of plaster prescriptions,and push the development of plaster prescriptionsto a new height.