论析18世纪莎评及其主要特征

Criticism on Shakespeare’s in the 18th Century and its Main Features

18世纪启蒙运动兴起,这一时期的评论家以古典主义的美学原则和批评标准评论莎士比亚作品的同时,越来越正视莎士比亚的成就,以更客观、豁达的态度分析他的剧作,伏尔泰、约翰孙、赫尔德、莫尔根就是其中的代表。18世纪莎评的主要特征表现在:古典主义原则下的莎评逐渐从形式转向内容,在文艺批评标准方面莎评逐渐从古典主义转向浪漫主义。

The 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. While criticizing Shakespeare’s plays based on classical aesthetic principles and critical standards, the critics increasingly acknowledged Shakespeare’s achievements and analyzed his plays in a more objective and open-minded manner, among whom Voltaire, Johnson, Herder, M. Morgann were the representatives. During this period, the feature of the criticism is shown from two aspects: from form to the content analysis under the classical principles;from classicism to romanticism for the literary and art criticism standard.