先行调解制度缘起、困境与修正

The Origin,Dilemma and Amendment of the First Mediation System

先行调解缘起于立案登记制下诉累问题严重、诉讼所带来的“沉没成本”效应以及对立诉讼程序带来敌对情绪的背景,运行中存在着委托调解缺乏监督机制、法院保守适用下案件范围缩小以及期限规定缺失引发案件久调不决的困境。对此可以采取建立法官主导下的先行调解队伍、扩大先行调解案件适用范围、设定先行调解期限、引入法律援助制度以及法官激励机制建设。

The first mediation originated from the serious problem of litigation accumulation under the registration system,the"sunk cost"effect brought by litigation and the hostile emotions brought by opposing litigation procedures.There are some difficulties in the operation of the system,such as the lack of supervision mechanism,the narrowing of the scope of cases under the conservative application of the court,and the lack of time limit,which lead to the long-term dispute.In this regard,we can take the establishment of a judge led mediation team,expand the scope of application of mediation cases,set the time limit of mediation,introduce the legal aid system and judge incentive mechanism to amend the mediation system.