专利标准化关键问题实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Key Issues in Patent Standardization

技术创新成果的演化阶段分为技术创新成果—专利、专利—标准、标准—垄断化,其中专利标准化是技术创新成果演化的第2阶段。本研究将专利标准化分为专利角逐标准、专利影响标准、专利占领标准和专利垄断标准4个阶段。在专利标准化的不同阶段,管理者所面临的问题复杂多变,如何化繁为简,集中力量解决主要矛盾,是促进专利标准转化的关键。基于此,本研究从技术、市场、管理、政策和法律5个层面分别对专利标准化4个阶段的问题进行分析概括,并形成专利标准化的评价指标体系与相应问卷。运用层次分析法(APH)来测算各指标的权重,实证分析结果表明:在专利角逐标准阶段,技术的创新性问题、如何利用本国政策问题,技术兼容性问题是属于第1优先级的关键问题;在专利影响标准阶段,培育配套协作网络问题、加强营销管理问题、抵御现有体系打击问题是属于第1优先级的关键问题;在专利占领标准阶段,如何构建专利族群、是否形成了技术共生系统、专利信息管理问题是属于第1优先级的关键问题;在专利垄断标准阶段,如何对垄断进行管控、是否能对垄断专利的不正当行为进行制约以及专利管理部门的建立属于第1优先级的关键问题。从研究意义来说,本论文对专利标准化关键问题的剖析,进一步地丰富了专利标准化理论的研究框架,同时也为我国进一步提升技术成果创新水平提供了启示。

The evolution of technological innovation is divided into three stages,as innovation product—patent,patent—standardization,and standard—monopolization.Patent standardization is the second stage of technological innovation evolution.Patent standardization has four sub-stages:patent competing for standard,patent influencing standard,patent occupying standard,and patent monopolizing standard.In different stages of patent standardization,problems faced by managers are complex and varying.How to simplify and concentrate on principal contradictions is the key to promote the transformation of patent standards.Based on this,this study analyzes the four stages of patent standardization from five aspects:technology,market,management,policy and law.It also forms an evaluation index system of patent standardization and designs a questionnaire.Analytic hierarchy process(APH)is used to calculate the weight of each index.The empirical results show that,in the stage of patent competing for standard,the innovativeness of technology,the usefulness of domestic policy,and the technology compatibility are key problems with priority.In the stage of patent influencing standard,cultivating cooperative networks,strengthening marketing management,and resisting the attacks from the existing system are the key problems with priority.In the stage of patent occupying standard,how to construct patent groups,whether to form technology symbiotic system,and patent information management are key problems with priority.In the stage of patent monopolizing standard,how to control monopoly,whether to restrict improper behaviors of monopoly,and the establishment of patent management department are prior issues.In terms of research significance,the analysis of the key issues of patent standardization will further enrich the research framework of patent standardization theory,and also provide inspiration for China to further improve the level of technological achievements innovation.