硝态氮与铵态氮配比对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响

Effect of Different Combination Ratios of Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明硝态氮与铵态氮配比对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响,为南平烟区烤烟施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用大田试验方法,研究硝态氮与铵态氮不同配比烤烟大田生育期、农艺性状及烟叶化学成分含量与经济性状的变化。【结果】硝态氮与铵态氮不同配比对烤烟大田生育期的影响不明显,团棵期前铵态氮有利于烤烟的生长及烟叶的开面,进入旺长期后提升硝态氮比例的烟株粗壮,叶片数较多,有利于烤烟的生长;不同配比处理烟叶总糖和还原糖均偏低,烟碱含量偏高,糖碱比失衡,氮碱比均较适宜;大田烤烟赤星病和气候斑点病的发病率和病情指数分别为9.16%~12.48%、1.88~3.57和1.85%~8.10%、0.52~2.57,增加硝态氮比例有利于提高烤烟对赤星病的抗性,增加铵态氮比例烤烟气候性斑点病的发生率降低,普通花叶病零星发生且发病较轻;不同配比处理烤后烟叶的产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例和中等烟比例分别为175.15~181.51 kg/667m^(2)、4191.10~4487.26元/667m^(2)、23.91~24.72元/kg、49.89%~56.35%和43.65%~49.44%,差异均不显著。【结论】硝态氮∶铵态氮为5∶5时,烤烟的农艺性状及烤后烟叶的化学成分含量与经济性状等综合表现最好。

【Objective】The effect of different combination ratios of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco is explored.It provides the scientific basis for fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in Nanping tobacco-growing areas.【Method】Field test method is used to study the variation in field growth period,agronomic traits and chemical component content and economic traits in leaves of flue-cured tobacco applied with different combination ratios of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.【Result】There is no obvious effect of different combination ratios of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen treatments on field growth period of flue-cured tobacco.Applying ammonium nitrogen before resettling stage is beneficial to growth of flue-cured tobacco and opening of tobacco leaves.Improving nitrate nitrogen ratio at vigorously growing stage can increase tobacco plant thickness and leaves,which is conducive to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.The total sugar and reducing sugar of tobacco leaves applied with different combination ratios of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is low,nicotine content is high,sugar-nicotine ratio is unbalanced,and nitrogen-nicotine ratio is appropriate.The disease morbidity and disease index of brown spot and climate scab in field flue-cured tobacco are 9.16%-12.48%,1.88-3.57 and 1.85%-8.10%and 0.52-2.57 respectively.Increasing nitrate nitrogen ratio is beneficial to the improvement of resistance of tobacco to brown spot,while incidence of climate scab in flue-cured tobacco decreases with increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio,and tobacco mosaic disease occurs sporadically and mildly.The yield,output value,average price,first-class tobacco proportion and medium-class tobacco proportion of flue-cured tobacco applied with different combination ratios of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are 175.15—181.51 kg/667m^(2),4191.10—4487.26 Yuan/667m^(2),23.91—24.72 Yuan/kg,49.89%—56.35%and 43.65%—49.44%respectively with no obvious difference.【Conclusion】When the ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 5∶5,the comprehensive performance such as agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco and chemical component content and economic traits of cured tobacco are the best.