长期施用化肥与有机肥对黄壤物理特性的影响

Effects of Long-term Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer on Physical Properties of Yellow Soil

【目的】探明长期施用化肥与有机肥对黄壤物理特性的影响,为贵州黄壤区土壤改良与合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用长期定位施肥试验方法,研究不施肥(CK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、施1/4有机肥+3/4氮磷肥(1/4M+3/4NP)、施1/2有机肥+1/2氮磷肥(1/2M+1/2NP)和施有机肥(M)黄壤土壤质地、容重、孔隙度、最大持水量、田间持水量、固相率、液相率、气相率和三相比偏离值的变化。【结果】长期施用化肥及有机肥,不同处理土壤黏粒、粉粒和砂粒含量分别为15.31%~20.41%、62.58%~63.81%和16.30%~21.87%,除粉粒含量接近外,黏粒和砂粒分别为NPK>CK>1/4M+3/4NP>1/2M+1/2NP>M和M>1/2M+1/2NP>1/4M+3/4NP>CK>NPK;土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度和土壤三相比偏离值分别为1.06~1.23 g/cm 3、7.8%~11.0%和24.90~27.58,3个指标有机肥及有机肥配施处理均较CK和NPK降低;土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量和田间持水量分别为53.4%~59.9%、42.8%~52.1%、43.30%~56.45%和37.11%~43.14%,4个指标有机肥及有机肥配施处理均较CK和NPK提高。【结论】长期施用有机肥可降低黄壤的黏粒含量和容重,其孔隙度增加和持水性能改善,土壤固相率降低和气相率提高,土壤固-液-气三相比更适宜,生产上应重视黄壤有机肥的施用。

【Objective】The effect of long-term application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on physical properties of yellow soil is explored,which provide the theoretical basis for soil improvement and rational fertilization in yellow soil area of Guizhou.【Method】The variation in soil texture,bulk density,porosity,maximum water holding capacity,field water holding capacity,solid phase ratio,liquid phase ratio,gas phase ratio and deviation values of three-phase ratio of yellow soil treated with non-fertilization(CK),NPK fertilizer,1/4 organic fertilizer+3/4 NP fertilizer(1/4M+3/4NP),1/2 organic fertilizer+1/2 NP fertilizer(1/2M+1/2NP)and organic fertilizer(M)are studied by using long-term located fertilization experiment.【Result】After long-term application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,soil clay,silt and sand content of different treatments are 15.31%-20.41%,62.58%-63.81%and 16.30%-21.87%respectively.The clay and sand content of different treatments follow NPK>CK>1/4M+3/4NP>1/2M+1/2NP>M and M>1/2M+1/2NP>1/4M+3/4NP>CK>NPK,while the silt content is close.Soil bulk density,non-capillary porosity and soil three-phase ratio deviation is 1.06-1.23 g/cm 3,7.8%-11.0%and 24.90-27.58 separately,and the three indexes of organic fertilizer treatment and combined application of organic fertilizer treatment are lower than CK and NPK.Soil total porosity,capillary porosity,maximum water holding capacity and field water holding capacity are 53.4%-59.9%,42.8%-52.1%,43.30%-56.45%and 37.11%-43.14%,and the four indexes of organic fertilizer treatment and combined application of organic fertilizer treatment are higher than CK and NPK.【Conclusion】Long-term application of organic fertilizer in yellow soil area can reduce the soil clay content and bulk density,and improve the porosity and water holding capacity,decrease soil solid phase ratio and increase gas phase ratio,and the soil solid-liquid-gas phase ratio is more suitable.The application of organic fertilizer should be emphasized in production.