古典的歧途——关于《尼采与布克哈特》

The Crossroad of Classicism:On Nietzsche and Burckhardt

阿尔弗雷德·马丁的《尼采与布克哈特》是一部推崇布克哈特、贬抑尼采的著述,但是他的核心论点来自洛维特更早的观点。洛维特一面将布克哈特的古典主义定位于“适度和适中”,一面认为布克哈特是19世纪唯一发展出“超历史的历史学”的历史学家。马丁沿袭了洛维特的论点。然而,无论是马丁还是洛维特,都没有看到布克哈特对于德国古典主义的背离以及对于古典的重释。

Alfred Martin’s Nietzsche and Burckhardt is a work admiring Burckhardt and demeaning Nietzsche,but his core argument comes from Löwith’s earlier views.On the one hand,Karl Löwith positioned the characteristic of Burckhardt’s classicism as“middle and moderate”.On the other hand,he believed that Burckhardt was the only historian who developed a“super-historical history”in the 19th century.Martin followed Löwith’s argument.Neither Martin nor Löwith saw Burckhardt’s departure from German classicism and the reinterpretation of classicism.