书文的共同体主义——论布朗肖和南希对共同体的文学化想象

The Communitarianism of Literature:On Blanchot and Jean-Luc Nancy’s Literary Imagination of Community

法国思想家布朗肖和让吕克·南希一致认为,由于西方思想中主体形而上学传统十分强势,有关主体的思想始终阻碍着对共同体问题的思考。无论是作为个体的主体还是作为集体的主体,它们都会陷入绝对自足性中,因而不能形成真正的共同体。布朗肖和南希寄希望于“书文的共同体主义”,认为它将促成一种没有主体的共同体,其中个体能够保持其独一性的存在,并在对他者和自身的分享中获得同一性。通过考察书文共同体主义的内在逻辑及其重要意义,这种文学性构想和文人化倾向所存在的问题可明显呈现出来。

Maurice Blanchot and Jean-Luc Nancy agreed that the idea of the subject has always been an obstacle to thinking about community because of the strong tradition of the subjective metaphysics in Western thought.Both as individual subjects and as collective subjects,they are trapped in absolute self-sufficiency and thus cannot form a true community.Blanchot and Nancy hope for a“communitarianism of literature”that would lead to a community without subjects,in which individuals would be able to maintain their singularity and attain identity in the sharing of others and themselves.This paper examines the internal logic of the“communitarianism of literature”and its important value,while pointing out the problems to which the literary overtones and literati tendencies of this conception can easily lead.