绵阳市初产妇妊娠反应的心理社会因素

Psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy reactions of primipara in Mianyang

目的探讨影响初产妇妊娠反应的心理社会因素,以期为缓解初产妇孕早期妊娠反应提供参考。方法选取2020年4月-6月于绵阳市某医院建立产检档案的初产妇为研究对象,采用自编基本情况信息调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、妊娠压力量表(PPS)、恶心呕吐量化表(PUQE)进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析探讨妊娠反应的主要心理社会因素。结果共100名孕妇完成调查,PUQE评分为(4.39±1.14)分,PPS评分为(10.89±6.94)分,SCL-90评分为(112.75±22.27)分,其中存在轻度妊娠反应93人(93%),中度6人(6%),重度1人(1%);单因素方差分析结果显示,不同年龄、工作状况、受教育程度、家庭年收入的初产妇PUQE评分比较差异均无统计学意义(F=0.57、0.07、0.89、0.51,P均>0.05);多因素回归分析显示,最终进入模型的因素有:PPS评分、SCL-90总评分、强迫症状、抑郁水平、敌对、偏执及其他(P<0.05或0.01)。结论初产妇孕早期的妊娠压力、心身症状(强迫、抑郁水平、偏执、敌对、睡眠与饮食等其他)是影响妊娠反应的主要心理社会因素。

Objective To explore the psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy reactions of primipara,so as to alleviate pregnancy reactions in early pregnancy stage.Methods Basic information scale,Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Pregnancy Pressure Scale(PPS)and Pregnancy-unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea(PUQE)were used to assess the primiparas in a hospital from April to June 2020,thereafter,multiple linear regression was used to screen the main psychosocial factors affecting pregnancy reaction.Results A total of 100 pregnant women completed the survey,and the scores of PUQE,PPS and SCL-90 were(4.39±1.14),(10.89±6.94)and(112.75±22.27),respectively.Analysis showed that the pregnancy reactions were mild in 93 cases(93%),moderate in 6 cases(6%)and severe in 1 case(1%).One-way ANOVA results showed that there was no significant difference in PUQE score among primipara of different age,working status,education levels and average annual family incomes(F=0.57,0.07,0.89,0.51,P>0.05).Multifactorial regression analysis showed that pregnancy stress,SCL-90 score,obsessivecompulsive symptoms,depression levels,hostility,paranoia and others had statistical significance(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The main psychosocial factors influencing pregnancy reaction are the pregnancy stress and psychosomatic symptoms including obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression levels,paranoia,hostility,sleep status,diet and others.