中国共产党百年艰难探索:走出“宏观缺位”与“微观失效”窘境

The Hundred Years of Tough Experience in Resolving the Dilemma Between Absence of Governance and Market Failure by Communist Party of China

20世纪上半叶,旧中国国家能力低下,“宏观缺位”,被称为“一盘散沙”。中国共产党坚持马克思主义,主张通过分配和财富流通解决贫富分化的问题,这有利于降低基尼系数,从而形成规模优势,取得了反帝反封建斗争的胜利,实现了国家能力的重构,“宏观缺位”问题从根本上得到解决。新中国在国防、教育、卫生、水利、交通等公共品领域的供应能力显著提高,然而国家对微观经济主体的过度干预又导致了“微观失效”,致使工农业,尤其是农业生产效率低下。改革开放以来,国家充分尊重微观经济主体的权益,逐步实现了国家宏观有力调控和微观经济主体积极创新的结合,走出“宏观缺位”与“微观失效”的窘境,形成了政府作用与市场效率协调均衡的中国道路,推动经济长期增长。

In the first half of the 20th century,because of the absence of governance and the lack of state capacity,the modern China was called“the disorderly crowd”.The Communist Party of China,taking Marxism as its fundamental guiding thought,gathered the crowd by solving the problem of polarization between the rich and the poor through equal wealth distribution,which reduces the Gini coefficient and reconstructed the state capacity to complete the new democratic revolution,defeating imperialism the feudalism,with scale effect.The problem of absence of governance is fundamentally resolved.The government is able to supply abundant public goods in national defense,education,health,water and transportation infrastructures and so on.However,the state's excessive intervention caused the market failure and made industry,especially agriculture,inefficient.Since the reform and opening up,the country has fully respected the rights and interests of entities,and gradually realized the combination of state macro control and micro entities positive innovation,casting off absence of governance and inefficient of market.The China’s path,maintaining the equilibrium between government and market,was formed,which promotes long-term economic growth.