实施“乡村振兴”战略的文化路径--以宣汉县土家族聚居区为例

The Cultural Path of Implementing the Strategy of“Rural Revitalization”:Take the Tujia Area of Xuanhan County As an Example

党的十九大提出的“乡村振兴”战略是一个系统工程,要求乡村的文化与经济、社会同步振兴,让农民在享受富裕物质生活的同时,过上充实、愉悦的“审美”式精神生活.聚居在达州市宣汉县的川东土家族具有“乐观豁达”的族群性格,这一性格决定了其日常生活中喜怒哀乐等各种情感都能够得到“审美性”的表达,考察他们的日常生活,可以清晰地看到一种“审美”与“生活”融洽无间的状态,这是一种美学意义上的“审美生活”.这种“审美生活”既不需要主体刻意地离开功利性世俗生活作为其寻求精神超越的前提条件,也不必然地与主体或整个社会物质生活的极度丰富相关.这正是传统美学家们始终寻而不得,能够真正将当代人从过度物质化的庸俗生活中拯救出来的“审美性”生活方式.在当前振兴乡村文化的大潮中,对川东土家族传统文化习俗的发掘和创新转化有较强的现实意义,能够为土家族聚居区乃至所有实施“乡村振兴”战略的地区传承、利用本地文化资源提供某种借鉴.

The strategy of“rural revitalization”put forward at the 19th National Congress of CPC is a systematic project,which calls for the simultaneous revitalization of rural culture,economy and society,so that peasants can enjoy a rich and pleasant“aesthetic”spiritual life while enjoying a rich material life.The East SichuanTujia who settles down in Xuanhan County Dazhou City has an“optimistic”Ethnic Personality,which determines that all sorts of its feelings can be expressed“aesthetically”.To investigat into their daily lives,we can clearly see an perfect harmonious state of“aesthetic”and“life”.This is an“aesthetic life”in the sense of aesthetics.This“aesthetic life”neither require the subject to leave the utilitarian secular life deliberately as a prerequisite for spiritual transcendence,nor is necessarily related to the extreme enrichment of the subject’s or the whole society’s material life.This is exactly the“aesthetic”way of life that can truly save the contemporary people from the vulgar life from excessive materialization which the traditional aestheticians haven’t seek out yet.In the current trend of revitalizing the rural culture,it is of great practical significance to explore and innovate the traditional cultural customs of Tujia in eastern Sichuan,which can provide some reference for the inheritance and utilization of local cultural resources for Tujia area and even all regions implementing the strategy of“rural revitalization”