农业资本化中的阶级分化、理性类型与农民的出路——评帕特里克·穆尼My Own Boss?

Class Differentiation,Rational Type and the Way out of Peasants in the Process of Agricultural Capitalization——Reviewing Mooney’s My Own Boss?

二战后美国农场的大量消失引发乡村巨大变革,作为理论发展基础的城乡连续统消亡带来学科的生存危机,学界普遍呼吁建立起新的具有批判力和解释力的理论分析框架。穆尼以经典文本为中心,在与理论传统对话的基础上找寻有力的概念工具,重新给马克思政治经济学注入韦伯式的解释意涵,并构建了具有动态性的政治经济学分析框架。穆尼的局限性在于没能找到解释农民理性倾向背后的真正制度性因素与文化符码,因而也未能触及韦伯方法论之上更为高远的理论视野与文明转型道路之关怀。这正是中国农业社会学借鉴穆尼之法可以进一步拓展的空间。

The mass disappearance of American farms after World War II led to great changes in the countryside.The extinction of the urban and rural continuum as the basis of theoretical development brings about the survival crisis of the discipline.Academic circles call for the establishment of a new theoretical framework with critical and explanatory power.Centering on classical texts,Mooney seeks for powerful conceptual tools on the basis of dialogue with theoretical traditions,and re-infuses Marx’s political economy with Weberian explanatory meaning,constructing a dynamic analytical framework of political economy.Mooney’s limitation lies in his failure to find the real institutional factors and cultural codes behind the rational tendency of peasants.Therefore,he also fails to touch the higher theoretical horizon and the concern of civilization transformation path above Weber's methodology.This is the space that Chinese agricultural sociology can use Mooney’s method for reference to further expand.