不同地面覆盖对土壤性状和秋播大蒜产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Ground Mulches on Soil Properties,Yield and Quality of Autumn-sown Garlic

为探究秋播大蒜适宜的地面覆盖类型及其对大蒜产量的影响机制,从而为地面覆盖在大蒜高产高效栽培中的应用提供理论依据,以‘麻江红蒜’为试验材料,以不覆盖处理为对照,分别设置白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色地膜、1~2 cm和3~4 cm稻草、1~2 cm和3~4 cm稻壳共7种地面覆盖处理,分析不同处理对土壤含水量、温度和酶活性以及大蒜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:地面覆盖处理均可提高0~10 cm土层的含水量,而对10~20 cm土层的含水量影响不显著;3种地膜覆盖处理可不同程度地提高土壤温度,其中以白色地膜的增温效果最好,而稻草和稻壳覆盖处理的土壤温度与对照间差异不显著;不同处理均不同程度地提高了土壤酶活性,其中脲酶活性以白色地膜和1~2 cm稻草覆盖处理最高,酸性磷酸酶活性以白色地膜和银灰色地膜覆盖处理最高,蔗糖酶活性以白色地膜覆盖处理最高。与对照相比,白色地膜和黑色地膜覆盖处理可显著促进大蒜的植株生长,蒜薹产量和鳞茎鲜重产量均以白色地膜覆盖处理最高(367.63 kg/667m^(2)和653.57 kg/667m^(2)),黑色地膜覆盖处理次之(287.73 kg/667m^(2)和363.80 kg/667m^(2)),两者显著高于对照及其他处理;鳞茎品质总体上以白色地膜覆盖处理最好,与对照相比,其可溶性糖(192.1 mg/g)、可溶性蛋白(23.67 mg/g)和大蒜素(5.13 mg/g)含量均显著提高。综合分析认为:地膜覆盖可以改善土壤含水量和温度,稻草和稻壳覆盖仅提高了土壤含水量,但不同处理均可提高土壤酶活性,促进大蒜产量和品质的提高,以白色地膜覆盖的效果最好,黑色地膜覆盖次之。

In order to explore the suitable ground mulch types of autumn-sown garlic and its influence mechanism on garlic yield,so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of ground mulch in garlic high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.'Majiang red garlic'was selected as plant material,taking no mulch as the control(CK),7 kinds of mulches were designed,including white plastic film,black plastic film,silver-gray plastic film,1–2 cm and 3–4 cm straw,1–2 cm and 3–4 cm rice husk,and then the effects of different mulches on soil moisture,temperature,enzyme activity and garlic yield,and quality were studied.The results showed that all mulches increased soil moisture in 0–10 cm soil layer,but had no significant effect on soil moisture in 10–20 cm soil layer.Plastic film mulches treatments increased soil temperature,among which white plastic film had the best warming effect,while soil temperature under straw and rice husk mulches treatments had no significant difference with CK.All mulches improved soil enzyme activities,among of which,urease activity was highest in the treatments with white plastic film and 1–2 cm straw,acid phosphatase activity was highest in the treatments with white plastic film and silver-gray plastic film,and sucrase activity was highest under mulch of white plastic film treatment.Compared with CK,the treatments of white and black plastic film mulches significantly promoted garlic growth.The yield of garlic bolt and fresh weight of bulb were the highest under mulch of white plastic film treatment(367.63 kg/667m^(2)and 653.57 kg/667m^(2)),followed by black plastic film treatment(287.73 kg/667m^(2)and 363.80 kg/667m^(2)),which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The best quality of bulb was obtained under mulch of white plastic film treatment,compared with the CK,its soluble sugar(192.21 mg/g),soluble protein(23.67 mg/g)and allicin(5.13 mg/g)contents were significantly increased.In conclusion,plastic film mulches improved soil moisture and temperature,straw and rice husk mulches only increased soil moisture.All mulches increased enzyme activity and improve the yield and quality of garlic.The effect of covering with white plastic film was the best,followed by black plastic film.