淮北平原砂姜黑土玉米产量与土壤性质的区域分析

Regional Analysis of Maize Yield and Physiochemical Properties of Shajiang Black Soil(Vertisol)in Huaibei Plain

以淮北平原作为调查区域,对砂姜黑土区48个样点的玉米产量及0~20 cm耕层土壤性质进行了分析。结果表明:在涡阳县东、西部,蒙城县南部和怀远县北部,玉米产量多在8.7 t/hm^(2)以上,土壤容重较小;而在蒙城县北部,玉米产量多在7 t/hm^(2)以下,土壤容重最大,平均达到1.6 g/cm^(3)以上。涡阳县土壤有机碳含量最高,平均值达到15.4 g/kg,较怀远县和蒙城县分别增加了28.3%和55.9%。土壤全量养分和速效养分随玉米产量等级变化不明显。相关性分析表明:玉米产量与耕层土壤穿透阻力(r=–0.348,P<0.05)、土壤容重(r=–0.484,P<0.01)呈负相关,而与土壤有机碳(r=0.421,P<0.01)呈正相关。因此,土壤物理性质与土壤有机碳是影响该区玉米产量的关键因子。

In this study,the Huaibei Plain was taken as the investigation area,maize yield and 0-20 cm topsoil physiochemical properties of 48 sampling sites in Shajiang black soil area were analyzed.The results showed that in the east and west of Guoyang County,the south of Mengcheng County and the north of Huaiyuan County,maize yield was more than 8.7 t/hm^(2),and soil bulk density in these areas was small.In the north of Mengcheng County,maize yield was less than 7 t/hm^(2),and soil bulk density was the highest,with an average of more than 1.6 g/cm^(3).The content of soil organic carbon in Guoyang County was the highest,with an average of 15.4 g/kg,which was 28.3%and 55.9%higher than those in Huaiyuan County and Mengcheng County,respectively.The total and available soil nutrients did not change significantly with the grade of maize yield.The correlation analysis showed that maize yield was negatively correlated with soil penetration resistance(r=-0.348,P<0.05)and soil bulk density(r=-0.484,P<0.01),but positively correlated with soil organic carbon(r=0.421,P<0.01).Therefore,soil physical properties and soil organic carbon are the key factors affecting maize yield in this area.